Physiology-Aware Rural Ambulance Routing

In emergency patient transport from rural medical facility to center tertiary hospital, real-time monitoring of the patient in the ambulance by a physician expert at the tertiary center is crucial. While telemetry healthcare services using mobile networks may enable remote real-time monitoring of transported patients, physiologic measures and tracking are at least as important and requires the existence of high-fidelity communication coverage. However, the wireless networks along the roads especially in rural areas can range from 4G to low-speed 2G, some parts with communication breakage. From a patient care perspective, transport during critical illness can make route selection patient state dependent. Prompt decisions with the relative advantage of a longer more secure bandwidth route versus a shorter, more rapid transport route but with less secure bandwidth must be made. The trade-off between route selection and the quality of wireless communication is an important optimization problem which unfortunately has remained unaddressed by prior work. In this paper, we propose a novel physiology-aware route scheduling approach for emergency ambulance transport of rural patients with acute, high risk diseases in need of continuous remote monitoring. We mathematically model the problem into an NP-hard graph theory problem, and approximate a solution based on a trade-off between communication coverage and shortest path. We profile communication along two major routes in a large rural hospital settings in Illinois, and use the traces to manifest the concept. Further, we design our algorithms and run preliminary experiments for scalability analysis. We believe that our scheduling techniques can become a compelling aid that enables an always-connected remote monitoring system in emergency patient transfer scenarios aimed to prevent morbidity and mortality with early diagnosis treatment.Comment: 6 pages, The Fifth IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI 2017), Park City, Utah, 201

Distributive Lattices, Polyhedra, and Generalized Flow

A D-polyhedron is a polyhedron $P$ such that if $x,y$ are in $P$ then so are their componentwise max and min. In other words, the point set of a D-polyhedron forms a distributive lattice with the dominance order. We provide a full characterization of the bounding hyperplanes of D-polyhedra. Aside from being a nice combination of geometric and order theoretic concepts, D-polyhedra are a unifying generalization of several distributive lattices which arise from graphs. In fact every D-polyhedron corresponds to a directed graph with arc-parameters, such that every point in the polyhedron corresponds to a vertex potential on the graph. Alternatively, an edge-based description of the point set can be given. The objects in this model are dual to generalized flows, i.e., dual to flows with gains and losses. These models can be specialized to yield some cases of distributive lattices that have been studied previously. Particular specializations are: lattices of flows of planar digraphs (Khuller, Naor and Klein), of $\alpha$-orientations of planar graphs (Felsner), of c-orientations (Propp) and of $\Delta$-bonds of digraphs (Felsner and Knauer). As an additional application we exhibit a distributive lattice structure on generalized flow of breakeven planar digraphs.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure

Bahasa, Etnisitas Dan Potensinya Terhadap Konflik Etnis

Etnis merupakan katgori sosial atau identifikasi sosial. Artinya, etnis adalah konsep yang diciptakan berdasarkan ciri khas sosial yang dimiliki sekelompok masyarakat yang membedakannya dari kelompok yang lain. Etnisitas adalah properti hubungan antar kelompok di mana perbedaan budaya antar kelompok dikomunikasikan secara sistematis dan berlangsung secara terus menerus. Hubungan ini bersifat relational dan situasional di mana karakter etnis terlibat di dalamnya. Perbedaan antar etnis bisa jadi menimbulkan perilaku etnosentris (keberpihakan terhadap anggota etnis yang berlebihan), perilaku prejudice (berburuk sangka) dan perilaku negatif lainnya yang diwujudkan dalam tindakan terlihat, seperti tindak diskriminatif dan tindakan terdengar yang wujud dalam penggunaan bahasa. Kedua jenis tindakan ini dan tindakan negatif lainnya menumbuhkan potensi konflik antar etnis. Tindak terlihat maupun tindak terdengar adalah cerminan atau perwujudan dari nilai, sikap dan pandangan yang dimiliki suatu etnis dalam konteks etnisitas. Oleh karena itu peningkatan dan pembinaan penggunaan bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi dalam konteks etnisitas tanpa pembinaan nilai, sikap dan pandangan besar kemungkinannya untuk gagal dalam upaya mencegah potensi konflik menjadi konflik sesungguhnya

Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Mengevaluasi Metode Pembelajaran Pada Tahapan Perancangan Dan Implementasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris

Any language teaching method is developed with certain philosophical assumptions on the nature of both language and language learning. These assumptions are reflected in the other two aspects of a method, namely design and technique. Therefore, once these assumptions are clearly understood, the other two aspects will be understood more easily. The understanding of the nature of both language and language learning is changing from time to time in line with the development of researches in language and language learning. Consequently, the language teaching methods are also changing from time to time following the developing understanding of language and language learning. Encountering such a situation, an English teacher should be able to evaluate the strength and weakness of any new method, to decide which method is the most suitable and effective to teach what aspect of the language. Since a language teaching method is developed mainly based on the nature of language, and language learning, the teacher should do the evaluation of the method based on this philosophical assumption in order to obtain accurate judgment on it, and also in order to understand it thoroughly and by so doing they can implement it properly. The mastery of the philosophical assumptions of a new method is a key factor in evaluating, understanding as well as applying it properly. On the other hand, the assumption is continuously changing due to the continuous researches conducted in these fields. In order to keep competent in evaluating a language teaching method, an English teacher should keep up with the continuous development in the two field researches

Pengembangan Sensitifitas Dan Kreatifitas Guru Bahasa Inggris Dalam Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran: Analisis Metode Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbasis Tugas

Sensitivity refers to the teacher's ability to find out instantly if learning has happened or not during the process of teaching and learning a second language while creativity to the ability to create improving teaching behaviors to overcome the learning failure happening during the teaching and learning activities. These competencies are very important and considered a key factor of effective teaching. Therefore they badly need to be developed. To develop these competencies, many related teaching variables must be mastered and one of these variables is language teaching method. For the purpose of sensitivity and creativity development, a language teaching method should be correctly studied by studying its linguistic assumption and its learning principle thoroughly rather than by simply memorizing the methodological procedures proposed by a method and putting them into action as exactly as prescribed. The latter is very far from sufficient. In studying the task-based language teaching for the same purpose, the concept of task and its underlying learning principle-which is the same as that underlying the learning of first language-should be comprehensively mastered. The mastery of a language teaching method in a correct way tends to be more contributive to the development of creativity in the method application rather than to the development of sensitivity

College Characteristics Influencing Choice of Missouri Valley College

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